大蒜可降低高血压患者的血压、调节血清胆固醇并增强免疫力：更新后的荟萃分析和回顾。,The

背景大蒜已显示具有心血管保护和免疫调节特性。目的 我们更新了之前关于大蒜对血压影响的荟萃分析，并回顾了大蒜对胆固醇和免疫力的影响。方法 我们在 Medline 数据库中搜索了 1955 年至 2013 年 12 月期间发表的关于大蒜制剂对血压影响的随机对照试验 (RCT)。此外，我们回顾了大蒜对胆固醇和免疫力的影响。结果 我们更新了关于大蒜对血压影响的荟萃分析，其中包括 20 项试验和 970 名参与者，显示收缩压 (SBP) 的平均 ± SE 降低 5.1 ± 2.2 毫米汞柱 (P < 0.001) 和平均± SE 舒张压 (DBP) 与安慰剂相比降低了 2.5 ± 1.6 mm Hg (P < 0.002)。基线时高血压受试者（SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg）试验的亚组分析显示 SBP 显着降低 8.7 ± 2.2 mm Hg（P < 0.001；n = 10）和 DBP 6.1 ± 1.3 mm汞（P < 0.001；n = 6）。之前发表的一项关于大蒜对血脂影响的荟萃分析包括 39 项主要随机对照试验和 2300 名接受至少 2 周治疗的成年人，表明如果服用大蒜 >2 周，大蒜可有效降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 10% mo 浓度略微升高的个体 [例如，总胆固醇 >200 mg/dL (>5.5 mmol/L)]。大蒜通过增加巨噬细胞活性、自然杀伤细胞以及 T 细胞和 B 细胞的产生而具有免疫调节作用。临床试验表明，大蒜可以显着减少上呼吸道感染的次数、持续时间和严重程度。结论 我们的审查表明，大蒜补充剂有可能降低高血压患者的血压，调节略微升高的胆固醇浓度，并刺激免疫系统。大蒜补充剂具有很高的耐受性，可被视为高血压、胆固醇轻度升高和免疫力刺激的补充治疗选择。需要未来的长期试验来阐明大蒜对心血管发病率和死亡率的影响。胆固醇轻度升高，刺激免疫力。需要未来的长期试验来阐明大蒜对心血管发病率和死亡率的影响。胆固醇轻度升高，刺激免疫力。需要未来的长期试验来阐明大蒜对心血管发病率和死亡率的影响。

Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals, Regulates Serum Cholesterol, and Stimulates Immunity: An Updated Meta-analysis and Review.

BACKGROUND Garlic has been shown to have cardiovascular protective and immunomodulatory properties. OBJECTIVES We updated a previous meta-analysis on the effect of garlic on blood pressure and reviewed the effect of garlic on cholesterol and immunity. METHODS We searched the Medline database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1955 and December 2013 on the effect of garlic preparations on blood pressure. In addition, we reviewed the effect of garlic on cholesterol and immunity. RESULTS Our updated meta-analysis on the effect of garlic on blood pressure, which included 20 trials with 970 participants, showed a mean ± SE decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 5.1 ± 2.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and a mean ± SE decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 2.5 ± 1.6 mm Hg (P < 0.002) compared with placebo. Subgroup analysis of trials in hypertensive subjects (SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg) at baseline revealed a larger significant reduction in SBP of 8.7 ± 2.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001; n = 10) and in DBP of 6.1 ± 1.3 mm Hg (P < 0.001; n = 6). A previously published meta-analysis on the effect of garlic on blood lipids, which included 39 primary RCTs and 2300 adults treated for a minimum of 2 wk, suggested garlic to be effective in reducing total and LDL cholesterol by 10% if taken for >2 mo by individuals with slightly elevated concentrations [e.g., total cholesterol >200 mg/dL (>5.5 mmol/L)]. Garlic has immunomodulating effects by increasing macrophage activity, natural killer cells, and the production of T and B cells. Clinical trials have shown garlic to significantly reduce the number, duration, and severity of upper respiratory infections. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests that garlic supplements have the potential to lower blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, to regulate slightly elevated cholesterol concentrations, and to stimulate the immune system. Garlic supplements are highly tolerated and may be considered as a complementary treatment option for hypertension, slightly elevated cholesterol, and stimulation of immunity. Future long-term trials are needed to elucidate the effect of garlic on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.